Inclusive Education and Learning Management in Indonesia: Responding to Social and Cultural Challenges

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia by highlighting the challenges and opportunities faced at the local level. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study examines inclusive education policies, social and geographical diversity, facilities, and community support in various regions of Indonesia. The study findings show that although inclusive policies have been well implemented in large cities such as Jakarta and Surabaya, areas such as Samarinda and Malang still need strengthening in terms of policies and resources. The cultural diversity in Indonesia presents its own opportunities and challenges, with areas such as Yogyakarta and Denpasar successfully integrating local cultural values ​​into the curriculum to support inclusivity. Adequate facilities and infrastructure in large cities are a determining factor, while other areas strive to improve accessibility through local collaboration. Community and parental support also play a significant role in the success of inclusive education. Overall, this study shows the importance of collaboration between government, schools, and communities to create more inclusive education in Indonesia.