Literature Review on the Role of Parental Involvement in Elementary Education: Impact on Student Achievement

Abstract

Parental engagement plays a critical role in shaping students’ academic achievement and holistic development during elementary education. This study reviews the existing literature to analyze the effects of parental engagement on students’ academic performance, motivation, and socio-emotional development. Parents contribute through support in completing homework, creating a conducive learning environment, attending school activities, and maintaining communication with teachers. However, the effectiveness of this engagement is influenced by socioeconomic status (SES), cultural factors, and challenges arising during the pandemic. Using Epstein’s parental engagement framework, this study highlights practical strategies and policy recommendations to enhance parents’ role in education. The findings underscore the importance of inclusive policies and collaborative programs to support active parental engagement, especially for families from low SES backgrounds, to ensure equal educational opportunities for all children.